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Clinical Hypnotherapy
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About Clinical Hypnotherapy
History:
Precursors of hypnotherapy have been seen in the sleep temples and
mystery religions of ancient Greco-Roman society, though analogies are
often tenuous. Some parallels can be drawn between hypnotism and the
trance-inducing rituals common to most pre-literate societies.
In the mid-18th century when Franz Anton Mesmer introduced the
concepts and techniques of "animal magnetism", Mesmerism became an
influential school of esoteric therapy and important Mesmerists like
James Esdaile and John Elliotson helped maintain its popularity in
medicine until the end of the 19th century when it experienced a kind
of resurgence in the work of Jean-Martin Charcot, the father of modern
neurology.
In the 1840s, Scottish physician James Braid, pioneered the concept of
hypnotism as an opposing tradition to Mesmerism, based upon basic
psychological and physiological mechanisms rather than the occult
theories of animal magnetism. Braid's work was of limited influence in
the UK but in France his ideas were developed into a more
sophisticated psychological treatment. Hippolyte Bernheim began as a
sceptic but became converted to the importance of hypnotism by
observing the work of the celebrated country doctor Ambroise-Auguste
Liébeault who rejected the theory of Mesmer and followed Abbé Faria.
Emile Coué, a former clinical assistant to Liébeault, proposed a more
collaborative and educational alternative to hypnosis called
"conscious autosuggestion" which became very popular as a form of
self-help in the 1920s.
In the mid to late 1880s American Surgeon-Physician, Rufus Osgood
Mason supported the idea of the use of hypnosis for "Theraputic
Applications", and wrote articles and authored a book on the subject
as a concept. He was also a supporter of early parapsychology and
psychical research.
An important rivalry and debate developed between the Salpêtrière
school of Charcot, which focused on physiological phenomena induced by
Mesmeric practices, and the Nancy school of Bernheim which placed more
emphasis upon psychology and verbal suggestion, following the later
writings of Braid. However, Charcot's ideas on hypnosis were almost
entirely discredited and Bernheim's school effectively won the debate,
becoming the most significant precursor of modern psychological
hypnotism.
Sigmund Freud was originally a proponent of hypnotherapy. He traveled
to France to study hypnosis with the two great teachers of his day,
Charcot at the Salpêtrière and Bernheim's Nancy School. Freud wrote
several articles on hypnotherapy and translated two of Bernheim's
books on the subject from French into German. He originally employed
hypnotherapy with a small number of clients in the 1890s. By about
1905, he had largely abandoned the procedure in favor of his
newly-developed free association or "talking" technique. However,
Freud's description of the basic rule of free association still bears
a striking resemblance to certain modern methods of hypnotic
induction. Struggling with the great expense of time required for
psychoanalysis to be successful, Freud later suggested that it might
be combined with hypnotic suggestion once more in an attempt to hasten
the outcome of treatment:
“It is very probable, too, that the application of our therapy to
numbers will compel us to alloy the pure gold of analysis plentifully
with the copper of direct suggestion.” (S. Freud, Lines of Advance in
Psychoanalytic Therapy, 1919)
However, only a handful of Freud's followers were sufficiently
qualified in hypnosis to attempt the synthesis, which resulted in a
gradual resurgence in popularity of "hypno-analysis" or "hypnotic
regression" methods of hypnotherapy.
Milton H. Erickson, M.D. is considered one of the most influential
modern hypnotherapists. Erickson pioneered the clinical use of
hypnosis and wrote many books, journals and articles on the subject,
and his accomplishments are well-documented.
During the 1960s, Erickson was responsible for popularizing an
entirely new branch of hypnotherapy, which we now call Ericksonian
hypnotherapy, characterized by, amongst other things, indirect
suggestion, confusion techniques, metaphors and double binds.
About Regression Therapy
Regression therapy has a holistic view of the mind, body and.
Healing involves reconnection with the root cause of the problem and
allowing the client to understand deeply the issues associated with
the problem before they are resolved at both physical, emotional and a
spiritual level. Sometimes the root cause is a traumatic experience
below the level of conscious awareness and has been affecting the
client’s well being. Client experiences may go back to early childhood
and prenatal experiences or into stories from the subconscious that
may appear to be a past life. Any client experience is treated in an
accepting and authentic way.
Regression therapy has been found helpful in dealing with issues of
self-esteem and personal empowerment and residual scars from sexual
abuse. It has provided swift and effective release of deep emotional
blockages, states of anxiety, depression, phobias, unexplainable
chronic pain and persistent symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.
As early as the 1950s J. L. Moreno saw regression as an opportunity
for clients to gain new insights and to transform them in his group
therapy that was successfully used in clinical outpatient groups and
the mental health organizations in the United States. Early pioneers
and authors in regression therapy include American Dr. Morris
Netherton, Dutchman Dr. Hans TenDam, and Englishmen Dr. Roger Woolger.
Regression therapy has been taken into the traditional medical world.
This includes the work of Professor Mario Simoes in the Facility of
Medicine in Portugal and Terumi Okuyama M.D., the first medical doctor
in Japan to integrate regression therapy as part of medical treatment.
Other pioneers are Dr. Pavel Gyngazov, a medical doctor who uses
regression therapy in Russia, Dr. Newton Kondavati M.D. in India and
Julio Peres M.D. in Brazil.
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